A Guide to the Gwendolen M. Carter Collection
Finding aid created by Dan Reboussin and Danielle Altman
University of Florida Smathers Libraries - Special and Area Studies Collections
June 2006
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Provenance: |
Carter, Gwendolen Margaret, 1906- |
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Title: |
Gwendolen M. Carter Collection |
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Dates: |
1932-1991 |
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Dates: |
1970-1987 |
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Abstract: |
The Carter Collection is comprised of the research and personal files of Gwendolen Carter. The papers are predominantly related
to her research of southern Africa, particularly South Africa, during the 1970s and 1980s.
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Extent: |
5.5 linear feet. (14 Boxes) |
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Identification: |
MS Group 193 |
Gwendolen Margaret Carter was born in Hamilton, Ontario in 1906. The daughter of a physician, she completed a B.A. in history
at the University of Toronto in 1929. She received a second B.A. from Oxford in 1931 and returned to Hamilton, Ontario to
teach at McMaster University until 1935.
Carter came to the United States to undertake graduate study at Radcliffe College, where she completed both her M.A. (1936)
and Ph.D. (1938) in political science. Naturalized as a US citizen in 1948, she taught political science at Smith College
from 1943 to 1964, holding the Sophia Smith chair there from 1961. She was then at Northwestern University from 1964-1974
as Melville J. Herskovits Professor of African Affairs. She taught at Indiana University 1974-1984 and was on faculty at the
University of Florida from 1984 until her retirement in 1987.
While Carter’s early work focused on European governance, her scholarly attention shifted to Africa following an initial trip
to South Africa in 1948. From then on, she specialized in the politics and economy of southern Africa over the course of a
career that spanned more than forty years. Carter’s many research trips to South Africa culminated in numerous publications,
several of which have become classic texts in both political science and African studies. These canonical works, which detail
the dynamics of political change in Africa, include: The Politics of Inequality: South Africa Since 1948 (1958); Independence for Africa (1960); South Africa's Transkei: The Politics of Domestic Colonialism (1967); and Which Way is South Africa Going? (1980). She edited several works about Africa, including the four-volume From Protest to Challenge: A Documentary History of African Politics in South Africa 1882-1964 (1972-1977).
Professor Carter was one of the founders of African Studies in the US and was amongst the most widely known scholars of African
affairs in the twentieth century. She was 84 years old when she died at her home in Orange City, Florida on February 20, 1991.
The Gwendolen M. Carter Collection encompasses the research and personal files of Gwendolen Carter, dating primarily from
1970 to 1987. A small amount of material from the 1930s, 1960s and 1990s is included. The papers are predominantly related
to her research into the political and economic dynamics of southern Africa, particularly South Africa, during the 1970s
and 1980s.
The collection includes correspondence, press clippings, newsletters, political pamphlets, manuscripts, papers for presentation,
writings, memorandum, research notes, speeches, interview transcripts and a small number of photographs, souvenir ephemera
and postcards. Carter made a number of research trips to southern Africa during the years covered by the collection and the
papers comprise excellent documentation of her activities while abroad.
A substantial amount of the collection relates to Carter’s work with the Southern African Development Coordination Conference
(SADCC), including transcripts of interviews, correspondence and research notes which emerged out of her contacts with well-known
political activists and politicians based in southern Africa. Documents, speeches, and letters relating to Julius Nyerere,
Seretse Khama, Gatsha Buthelezi, Steve Biko and Helen Joseph are particularly well-represented. The collection also includes
a considerable number of materials pertaining to detention, the 1984 South African Constitution and the Transkei.
The papers also contain a wide-ranging collection of newsletters, memoranda and pamphlets of organizations involved in anti-apartheid
activities such as the Black Sash; the South African Institute of Race Relations; the Wages Commission; and the Detainees
Parents Support Commission. Also included are numerous press clippings from South Africa and North America, relating to a
broad range of issues facing southern Africa. In addition, the papers include a wide array of writings (drafts of papers,
book chapters and conference papers), correspondence from Carter’s academic colleagues and friends and early drafts of Carter’s
published works. One notable inclusion is a copy of Carter’s substantial typescript autobiography (unpublished), which details
her childhood and 40 years of personal and research experiences in southern Africa and North America. The papers are organized
into two main sections: Personal Materials (1932-1991) and Research Materials (1932-1987).
Access
Collection is open for research.
Northwestern University Archives holds the Gwendolen M. Carter Papers, 1915-1991 (Series 35/10, Africana Manuscripts 10). This collection spans the years
1915-1991 and includes biographical materials, correspondence, teaching files, research and field notes, reprints and manuscript
drafts, and several clippings scrapbooks. Carter was the Director of Northwestern's Program of African Studies, 1964-1974.
[Identification of item], [Title of Archival Collection], Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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Personal Materials, 1932-1991
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Personal materials consist of letters, photographs, postcards, souvenirs, the Carter autobiography, a small scrapbook and
interviews of Carter. Personal materials are divided into two sections: Correspondence and Personal Files. The correspondence
relates to a wide range of personal, academic, legal and professional matters. The folder containing correspondence between
Helen Joseph and Carter also includes a wide array of press clippings about Helen Joseph and letters pertaining to the publication
of her autobiography.
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Correspondence, 1932-1991
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General correspondence includes letters from politicians, academics and friends in the US and Africa. The Buthelezi correspondence
predominantly relates to political issues in KwaZulu Natal and South Africa. The Helen Joseph correspondence includes both
personal and professional correspondence relating to Carter’s facilitation of the publication of Joseph’s autobiography Side By Side. The folder also contains extensive newspaper clippings about Joseph. Noteworthy photographs include those of Buthelezi and
Julius Nyerere.
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Box 1 |
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Correspondence, general. 1973-1980
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Correspondence, general. 1981 |
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Correspondence, general. 1982 |
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Correspondence, general. 1983 |
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Correspondence, general. 1984 |
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Correspondence, general. 1985 |
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Correspondence, general. 1986 |
Box 2 |
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Correspondence, general. 1987
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Correspondence, Gatsha Buthelezi-Carter. 1964-1977 |
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Correspondence, Helen Joseph-Carter. 1981-1986 |
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Carter Christmas letters. 1965-1983 |
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Photographs, postcards, souvenirs. 1932-1974, n.d. |
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Personal Files, 1932-1991
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Carter's sizeable autobiography details her childhood and career. The scrapbook includes photographs and speeches from an
African Studies Association special tribute to Carter held at the annual meeting in 1991. The interviews of Carter, conducted
by colleagues Tom Karis and Patrick O'Meara, feature Carter's reflections on her career.
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Box 3 |
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Carter autobiography. n.d.
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Carter autobiography (continued). n.d. |
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Carter autobiography (continued). n.d. |
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Carter autobiography (duplicate chapters). n.d. |
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Scrapbook of ASA special tribute to Carter. 1991 |
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Transcripts of interviews of Carter (conducted by Tom Karis). n.d. |
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Videotape recording (VHS cassette) of interview of Carter (conducted by Patrick O’Meara). n.d. |
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Research Materials, 1932-1987
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Research materials consist of papers relating to Carter’s research into the politics and economy of southern Africa, primarily
South Africa. It is divided into four sections: Subject Files, Miscellaneous Papers, Speeches and Interviews, and Writings.
Items are arranged in alphabetical order (except for Miscellaneous Papers) and filed chronologically within this schema.
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Subject Files, 1932-1987
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The subject files contain extensive materials relating to the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC),
including meeting minutes, paper drafts, research notes and memoranda. A noteworthy feature includes Carter’s narrative of
her 1982 trip through southern Africa as part of her research concerning the SADCC. This includes transcripts of interviews
she conducted at the time and notes about her meetings with various African politicians.
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Other well-represented subjects include: Gatsha Buthelezi; the Black Sash (including numerous memoranda and newsletters written
by Sheena Duncan); the 1984 South African Constitution (covering apartheid state officials' writings and reports); the South
African Institute of Race Relations (encompassing numerous meeting minutes); and the Transkei (particularly materials relating
to economic investment in the Transkei and the independence of the Transkei).
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Box 4 |
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African National Congress. 1943-1983, n.d.
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Black Allied Worker’s Union. 1973-1977, n.d. |
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Black Consciousness. 1977-1979, n.d. |
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Black Sash and Sheena Duncan. 1979-1982 |
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Biko, Steve. 1976-1977, n.d. |
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Buthelezi, Gatsha and the Buthelezi Commission. 1972-1982, n.d. |
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CAMP/SARAP. 1978-1979, n.d. |
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Center for African Studies, University of Florida. 1987 |
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Conferences, political. 1974-1975 |
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Country-specific materials (Southern Africa). 1932-1982, n.d. |
Box 5 |
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Detention and the Detainees Parent’s Support Commission. 1976-1985, n.d.
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DPSC memoranda. 1983 |
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Disinvestment. 1980 |
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Government Directed Community Councils. 1979-1984, n.d. |
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Progressive Federal Party. 1978 |
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South Africa—Apartheid. 1953-1986, n.d. |
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South Africa—Constitution (1984). 1978-1984, n.d. |
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South Africa—Labor and Trade Unions. 1975-1980, n.d. |
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South African Institute of Race Relations. 1973-1986, n.d. |
Box 6 |
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SADCC. 1976-1978
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SADCC. 1981 |
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SADCC. 1981 |
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SADCC. 1981 |
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SADCC. 1982 |
Box 7 |
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SADCC, Carter trip narrative. 1982
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SADCC. 1983 |
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SADCC. 1984-1986 |
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SADCC. n.d. |
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Sports (Southern Africa). 1973-1981, n.d |
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Transkei. 1936-1978 |
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Terror Act Trials (Index to the Indictment). 1978 |
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The Wages Commission. 1973-1984, n.d. |
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Speeches and Interviews, 1932-1987
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Speeches include an extensive selection of speeches Buthelezi delivered at social and political events during the years 1970-1986.
Also included is a broad collection of speeches delivered by Khama during the years 1966-1973. Miscellaneous speeches include
addresses delivered by apartheid state officials; liberation movement activists, political leaders and academics. The interview
transcripts encompass those Carter collected on her many research trips to southern Africa. Interview subjects include a range
of African politicians, apartheid state officials and academics.
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Box 8 |
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Speeches, Gatsha Buthelezi. 1970-1975
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Speeches, Gatsha Buthelezi. 1976-1977 |
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Speeches, Gatsha Buthelezi. 1980 |
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Speeches, Gatsha Buthelezi. 1981-1982 |
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Speeches, Gatsha Buthelezi. 1982-1986 |
Box 9 |
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Speeches, Seretse Khama. 1966-1969
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Speeches, Seretse Khama. 1969 |
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Speeches, Seretse Khama. 1970-1971 |
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Speeches, Seretse Khama. 1971-1973 |
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Speeches, Julius Nyerere. 1969-1982 |
Box 10 |
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Speeches, miscellaneous. 1971-1976
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Speeches, miscellaneous. 1979-1981 |
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Speeches, miscellaneous. 1983-1987, n.d. |
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Transcripts of interviews (conducted by Carter). 1972-1976 |
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Transcripts of interviews (conducted by Carter). 1979-1981 |
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Transcripts of interviews (conducted by Carter). 1982 |
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Transcripts of interviews (conducted by Carter). 1985, n.d. |
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Writings, 1932-1987
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Writings encompass conference papers, book chapters, manuscripts, drafts, articles and papers for presentation. |
Box 11 |
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Adams, John. 1973
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African Collection, Yale University Library. 1977 |
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Alverson, Hoyt S. 1971 |
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Barker, Anthony. 1974 |
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Brown, Ed. 1983 |
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Cheru, Fantu. 1986 |
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Coplan, David. 1980 |
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de Klerk, Michael. 1978 |
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Duminy, J.P. 1979 |
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du Toit, Andre. 1981 |
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Fourie, Clarissa. 1986 |
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Gann, Lewis H. 1972 |
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Giliomee, Herman. 1980, 1984 |
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Green, Rosario. 1983 |
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Grundy, Ken. 1987 |
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Hachten, William A. 1984 |
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Hallet, Robin. 1978 |
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Hallowes, F.N. 1974 |
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Hawkins, Anthony M. 1986 |
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Herman, Pam. 1982 |
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Houser, George. n.d. |
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Johns, Sheridan. 1973 |
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Karis, Tom. 1986, n.d. |
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Kentridge, Sydney. 1986 |
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Kimambo, Isaria N. n.d. |
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Kuhne, H. 1984 |
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Lewis, Stephen R. Jr. 1986 |
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Lipton, Merle. 1986 |
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Lipton, Michael. 1986 |
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Massdorp, Gavin. 1972, 1974 |
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Maluleke, George. n.d. |
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Mandy, Nigel S. 1979 |
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McGowan. 1974 |
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McHenry, Donald. 1984 |
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van der Merwe, H.W. 1985 |
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Mkandawire, Thandika. n.d. |
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Mokoatle, B.N. 1979 |
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Mondlane, Janet Rae. n.d. |
Box 12 |
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Ndlovu, Scotch, M. 1981
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Nziramasanga, Mudziviri. 1986 |
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Ould, C.R. n.d. |
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Patricios, Nicholas N. 1980 |
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Plimpton, Ruth. 1964 |
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Roelofse, Eugene. 1979 |
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Rosberg, Carl G. 1984 |
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Sands, Laura. 1973 |
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Scarrit, James R. 1983 |
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Simpson, J.D. n.d. |
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Southall, Roger. 1982 |
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Starke, Helen. 1979 |
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Suzman, Helen. 1974 |
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Vieceli, Jackie. 1987, n.d. |
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Webster, E.C. n.d. |
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Wright, John. 1978 |
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No Author. n.d. |
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Carter, Gwendolen, “Conflicting Aims in Southern Africa.”. n.d. |
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Carter, Gwendolen, “Politics of Inequality.”. n.d. |
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Carter, Gwendolen, Miscellaneous. 1953-1983, n.d. |
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Miscellaneous Papers, 1932-1987
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Miscellaneous papers include miscellaneous, handwritten and typewritten research notes that Carter made; a substantial amount
of press clippings; miscellaneous newsletters, memorandum, and political pamphlets generated by political organizations and
research institutions not represented in the subject files. Course materials relate solely to Carter’s 1981 seminar concerning
South Africa and Zimbabwe, including syllabi, one student paper, and Carter’s notes.
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Box 13 |
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Research notes. 1974-1987
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Press clippings. 1972-1988 |
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Newsletters, memoranda and political pamphlets. 1964-1987 |
Box 14 |
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Journals, reports and occasional Papers. 1967-1990
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Legal documents. 1934-85 |
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Academic conference packets. 1958-1984 |
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Academic conference packets. 1987 |
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Course materials. 1981 |
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Gwendolen Carter obituary. 1991 |
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Africa -- Politics and government. |
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Apartheid -- South Africa. |
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South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1948-1994. |
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Southern African Development Coordination Conference. |
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