Skip to Search

  Library Catalog   |   Databases   |   Ask a Librarian   |   Remote Logon   |   Search
Library > Special & Area Studies Collections > General Manuscripts > Finding Aids



Mary L. Elmendorf Papers - Contents List Continued

Return to the main finding guide for the Elmendorf Papers.

Contents List

Series 3: Appropriate Technology, 1960-1990 (bulk 1975-1990) 8 linear feet (18 boxes)

This series includes manuscript and printed documents relating to Elmendorf's career as a consulting anthropologist. Included are manuscripts and background material of her own reports, publications, correspondence, and a wide variety of other documentation of the projects on which she worked. The papers are divided into sub-series, the first two relating to World Bank projects, especially Water Supply Waste Disposal in Developing Countries and the third relating to the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD) 1981-1990. Other topics include the Bura (Kenya) Irrigation Project, tourism, and investment for rural development in Mexico. The series includes a number of World Bank internal papers and memorandum, documents relating to the IDWSSD, and documents of the Water for Sanitation and Health Project (WASH) sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development.


World Bank, 1960-1990 (bulk 1975-1990)
Internal papers, Mexico, Kenya (Bura project) and minor projects.



Internal Papers, 1973-1981
Box Folder
1 1 Correspondence between John and Mary Elmendorf and World Bank officials re: possible employment, 1973-1975
2 Correspondence and Memorandum re: Mary Elmendorf's initial appointment as a consultant to the World Bank, 1975
3 Mary Elmendorf Day File [Correspondence and memoranda] n.d., June - December, 1975
4 Mary Elmendorf Day File, January - March, 1976
5 Mary Elmendorf Day File, April - June, 1976
6 World Bank Office Memoranda, 1971 [bulk 1975] - 1976
7 World Bank Office Memoranda, 1977-1989, bulk 1977-1980
8 Group on the Social Impact of Environmental Modification, 1975
9 Use of Anthropologists in World Bank Projects, 1973
10 "Use of Video Tape Recording in Communication," memorandum by M. Furst, April, 14, 1976
11 Working Group on Women in Development, Memoranda, 1975-1976
12 World Bank Sociological Group, Memoranda, Papers, 1978-1982
13 World Bank Sociological Group Meeting on Women in Bank Projects, 1978-1979
14 Workshop on Women in Development, Dec. 8-10, 1981



Mexico: PIDER (International Rural Development Project) and CIDER (Centro de Investigaciones del Desarollo Rural), 1975-1979
Box Folder
2 1 Memoranda by Elmendorf re: socio-cultural aspects of PIDER, 1975-1976.
2 PIDER/CIDER Memorandum, 1975.
3 Assesment of Popular Participation in Mexico's PIDER Rural Development Project, December, 1978.
4 Fragmentary report on PIDER; annexes 3, 7, 8, 12 and appendix 1 [Feb. 1976?]
5 Mexico ... Draft Work Program for Mid-term Evaluation of PIDER I, Jan. 25, 1978.
6 Mexico: the PIDER Rural Development Program; draft report with notes by M.E., April, 1977.
7 Mexico: - Rural Development Project - PIDER. Analysis of Rural Industry Program. Full report by Kimberley Conroy, April, 1979.
8 Proyecto piloto para la prestacion de servicos sanitarios asistenciales en microregiones del PIDER, 1975.
9 Rural Development Project - Rural Health (Sector Annex 10).



Tourism Project, 1972-1978
Box Folder
2 10 Tourism; Sector Working Paper. World Bank, 1972
11 Social Impact of Tourism Project, 1974-1976.
12 World Bank Tourism Projects, 1973-1975.
13 Tourism Project - Gambia, 1976.
14 Tourism Project - Honduras, 1977
15 Tourism Project - Indonesia, Bali, 1975-1976
16 Tourism Project - Jordan, 1976-1978
17 Tourism Project - Nepal, 1975-1976
18 Tourism Project - Thailand, 1976



Bura Irrigation Project - Appraisal Documents, 1973-1978
Box Folder
2 19 Appraisal of the Bura Irrigation and Settlement Project Issues Papers, 1975-1976
20 "Kenya-Bura Irrigation Project Appraisal Social Infrastructure," Part II by M.E., Jan. 12, 1976
21 Kenya: Appraisal of the Bura Irrigation Settlement Project, June 21, 1976, with response by M.E.
22 Kenya: Bura Irrigation Settlement Project, Appraisal Report, May 24, 1977



Bura Irrigation Project - Reports on Project, 1973-1978
Box Folder
3 1 Draft Invitation to Consultants to Submit Proposals ... March 9, 1976.
2 "Preliminary Medical Studies in the Tana River Basin," and Correspondence, memoranda, notes, etc. on Health Component of Project, 1975-1976.
3 Project Planning Report - Sociology and Settlement Annex [1977?]
4 "Social Impact Reconnaissance," Bura Irrigation Settlement Scheme, Tana River District, Kenya, Prepared by Mary Elmendorf, Feb., 1976, 29 p., and memos, March - April, 1976.
5 "Wildlife Aspects of Proposed Bura Irrigation Scheme on Lower Tana River, Kenya," by Lytle H. Blankenship; report with correspondence, 1975.
6 Workshop: Sociological Variable of Irrigation Projects, Memo, notes, report, Oct. 19-20, 1978



Bura Irrigation Project - Correspondence, memorandum, notes, miscellany, 1973-1978
Box Folder
3 7 Building costs estimates, 1975-1976.
8 Memoranda and correspondence, 1975.
9 Memoranda and correspondence, 1976, n.d.
10 "Ministry of Education Involvement," memo and notes on education, 1975, n.d.
11 Miscellaneous notes, n.d., 1975-1976.
12 Mwea Irrigation Settlement, notes, report, article [ca. 1973]
13 Notebooks [ca.1975-1976]
14 Notes and fragmentary draft on Settlers, 1976.
15 [Photographs, possibly from Bura area of mission staff, local people, and of wildlife, 1975?]
16 Social Services - Memo on the role of the Department of Social Services and Charts on personnel, facilities, and buildings [1975?]
17 Statistics on Kenyan Population [ca. 1969-1983]
18 Tana River Basin, maps [ca. 1975]
19 "Working Methods in the Cultivation of Cotton," a. notes [1975?]



Bura Irrigation Project - Secondary Papers, 1973-1978
Box Folder
3 20 Barnes, Carolyn, "Women in Kenya's Rural Economy," Conference on Assembling and Collecting Data on the Participation of Women in Kenyan Society, Narobi, August 11-15, 1975
21 Ndet, Kivuto, "Cultural Consequences of Rapid Population Growth in Kenya," Seminar on the Consequences of Population Change, Bucharest, August 14-17, 1974
22 Okotho-Ogendo, H. W. C., "Law and the Family in Kenya," Conference on Assembling and Collecting Data on the Participation of Women in Kenyan Society, Narobi, August 11-15, 1975
23 Range Development in Tana River District, FAO, 1973.



Minor Projects, 1975-1976
Box Folder
4 1 Basic Needs Approach to Development; World Bank memoranda, etc. 1977, n.d.
2 Brazil Nutrition Project, 1975.
3 Education Project - Kenya[ca.1975]
4 Education Project, Second -[4th] - Yeman, etc. 1975 - 1976
5 Indonesia - Tanjung Priok Port Project, 1976
6 Mexico - Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Project, World Bank Memoranda, 1976
7 Mexico - Notes by M. Elmendorf [1976?]
8 Mexico - "Propuesta de proyecto de salud maternionfantil y planificacion familiar," with appendix on vital statistics, and notes and fragmentary memoranda [1976?]
9 Nomadic Rangelands Development Project, Ethiopia,1975


World Bank Research Project 671-46 (Water Supply and Waste Disposal in Developing Countries), 1960-1990 (bulk 1975-1990)
These papers represent a major research project concerning appropriate technology for waste water and waste disposal. They include World Bank memoranda, reports, briefings, background materials, consultants reports, findings of research centers studying appropriate technology, questionnaires, maps, and other data regarding the project and the seven communities involved. Also included are national documents from several of the Latin American countries where the studies were done and local documents and "contracts" from the communities studied. Mary Elmendorf, and a number of consultants and researchers, were involved in carrying out the investigations utilizing social science methodologies and techniques. They included Patricia K. Buckles, Bertha Salinas, Roberto Caceres, Frank C. Miller, Cynthia A. Cone, Isabel Nieves, W. Timothy Farrell, Rafael Rodriguez, Charles Pineo, and Michael McGarry. John M. Kalbermatten, DeAnne S. Julius, and Charles Gunnerson were members of the World Bank staff through whom Mary Elmendorf and the other investigators and consultants reported and communicated. Several of the consultants had connections to the Agua del Pueblo project in Guatemala, the Centro de Estudios Mesoamericanos sobre Technologia Appropriada, and the National Plan for Environmental Sanitation in Rural Areas.
The research projects investigated the socio-cultural factors in seven communities in the rural areas and urban fringes of Latin America which influenced the people's responses to appropriate technologies for water supply and for excreta disposal. The seven communities studied were San Pedro la Laguna, Guatemala; Chijtinimit and Chontala, Guatemala; Yalcuc, Mexico; Las Chacras, El Salvador; Villarrica, Colombia; La Fuente, Masaya, Las Mangas, and Licoroy, Nicaragua; and Chan Kom, Mexico. The collection of papers reflects the various levels of organization, research, and information channels from the most complex World Bank operations to the interviews and local documents of the small communities. There are significant draft materials and personal notes throughout the collection. The final reports of each case study include suggestions on the way in which social and cultural factors can be integrated into project designs so that the new appropriate technologies can be accepted, used, and maintained.
The materials are arranged into two broad categories: 1) World Bank General: background materials relevant to the concept of the project, consultancy arrangements, general World Bank memoranda, etc. 2) Case Study Materials by Locations - The papers applicable to a specific community, region, or country for the seven cases. There are additional background materials on Haiti, Kuala Lumpur, and Japan concerning projects involving sanitation and water supply.



Drafts and Publications, 1976-1982
Box Folder
5 1 Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal. Progress Report. Two drafts, May 23, 1977, with annotations, and June 24, 1977.
2 Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal in Developing Countries, a Research Project of the World Bank [pamphlet] 1977.
3 Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Sanitation: Case Studies of Rural and Urban Fringe Areas in Latin America. Sanitation, Water, and Telecommunications Department, World Bank, March, 1982.
4 Behavioral Factors in Technology Choice for Water Supply and Water Disposal. Draft materials and personal notes of Mary Elmendorf. Included are supplemental materials for the draft and a copy of "Draft Terms of Reference" for Mary Elmendorf," [ca. 1977]
5 Eight Case Studies of Rural and Urban Fringe Areas in Latin America. World Bank Energy, Water, and Telecommunications Department Public Utilities Notes (P. U. Report No. RES 23) May, 1979. Includes "Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal, a Behavioral Case Study: Chan Kom, Mexico," by Elmendorf and Michael McGarry.
6 Elmendorf, Mary and Patricia Buckles, editors. Attitudinal and Behavioral Factors in Technology Choice for Water Supply and Waste Disposal: A Case Study Approach, May, 1978.
7 Elmendorf, Mary and Patricia Buckles, editors. Social and Behavioral Factors in Choice of Appropriate Technologies for Improved Sanitation: A Case Study Approach. Prepared for the World Bank Research Project, May, 1978.
8 Elmendorf and Patricia K. Buckles. Socio-cultural Aspects of Water Supply and Excreta Disposal. World Bank Energy, Water, and Telecommunications Department Public Utilities Notes. P.U. Report No. RES 15, 1978.
9 Elmendorf and Buckles. Sociocultural Aspects of Water Supply and Excreta Disposal. (Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Sanitation). World Bank, December 1980.
10 Elmendorf and Buckles, editors. "The Socio-Cultural Dimension in the Choice and Adoption of Appropriate Technologies to Improve Environmental Sanitation," draft, July, 1978.
11 Gunnerson, C. G., D. A. Julius and J. M. Kalbermatten. "Alternative Approaches to Sanitation Technology," 1978.
12 Kalbermatten, John M., DeAnne S. Julius, and Charles G. Gunnerson. Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Sanitation: a Summary of Technical and Economic Operations, World Bank, Dec., 1980.
13 Kalbermatten, John M. Water Supply and Sanitation in Developing Countries (Ch. 1, Introduction) [ca. 1981]
14 Pugh-Roberts Associates, Inc. "Simulation Analysis of Appropriate Technology and Water Supply and Waste Disposal in Developing Countries." Submitted to the World Bank, May 19, 1977.
15 Ramesh, Jairam. The Financing of Technological Development and Innovations. World Bank Office of Science and Technology and M.I.T. Technology and Policy Program [1977]
16 Social and Behavioral Aspects of Project Work in Water Supply and Waste Disposal. World Bank Energy, Water, and Telecommunications Department Public Utilities Notes. P.U.N. 52-T, February, 1980.
17 Water supply and Waste Disposal. Poverty and Basic Needs Series. World Bank, June,1980.
18 White, Gilbert F. Water Supply Service for the Urban Poor: Issues. Working Paper, August 22, 1976.
19 World Bank Research in Water Supply and Sanitation, Summary of Selected Publications, November, 1980.



Correspondence, Office Memorandum, and Notes, Questionnaires, etc., 1976-1981, n.d.
Box Folder
6 1 Correspondence - Kohne, Richard E., and John M. Kalbermatten, 1977.
2 Correspondence, principally by Mary Elmendorf, relating to Project 671-46 [ca. 1977]
3 Office Memorandum from Warren C. Baum, Subject: Intermediate Technology. April 29,1976. Includes definition of intermediate technology and examples.
4 Letter of appointment to Mary Elmendorf from N. Lenthe; July 8, 1977
5 Office Memorandum from Mary Elmendorf to J. Kalbermatten regarding Conversation with Charles Pineo and Charles Gunnerson concerning Latin American Country Study and Other Data for Research Project on Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal. July 26, 1977.
6 Office Memorandum from Mary Elmendorf to Messrs. Kalbermatten, Gunnerson, and Ms. Julius. Draft. Subject RPO671-46. Consultant Briefing in Colorado. Field Trip to Guatemala, Haiti and Mexico. Back-to-Office and Full Report. September 19,1977.
7 Office Memorandum. Consultant Briefing in Colorado.
8 Memorandum from Elmendorf to C. G. Gunnerson; Summary of days Spent on Project 671-46; April 28, 1978.
9 Office Memorandum from Mary Elmendorf to John Kalbermatten. Trip to San Francisco via Minneapolis and Return to Washington. Back-to-Office Memo and Full Report. November 2, 1977.
10 Office Memorandum from Mary Elmendorf to J. Kalbermatten, C. Gunnerson, D. Julius. Research Project 671-46. Consultant Briefing in Mexico and Guatemala. Back- to- Office and Field Report. November 22, 1977.
11 Office Memoranda from M. Elmendorf to J. Kalbermatten, et. al. reporting meetings with consultants, various organizations concerning research plans. July-1977-November, 1977.
12 Office Memorandum from Mary Elmendorf to Isabel Nieves. Terms of Reference, Project 671-46. December 21, 1977.
13 Office Memorandum from Elmendorf to John M. Kalbermatten: Yucatan Survey with Dr. McGarry. Summarization of Project 671-46 Findings. Back to Office and Full Report, February 21, 1978. Includes Translations of Interviews with Women Heads of Households in Chan Kom by Hilaria Mas Coli and Neomi Patron. February 15, 1978.
14 Appropriate Technology for Water and Waste Disposal. Background Information. Questionnaire [ca. 1977?] World Bank.
15 Case Studies for Research Project No. 671-146. September 29,1977; revised April 25, 1978.
16 Country Report Outline, handwritten. [n.d.] Includes copy of "Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal Background Information" questionnaire and another outline for background material [ca. 1977?]
17 Domestic Water and Waste Disposal. Guidelines for Community Involvement Programs in Prototype Water and Sanitation Projects, Correspondence and Personal Notes, 1978.
18 Field Notes. 1977. One spiral notebook.
19 Guidelines for Collection of Public Health Data. February 16, 1977.
20 Miscellaneous materials includes personal notes on Columbia and El Salvador, and map. Notes dated October 13, 1977, and April 20, 1978.
21 Questionnaires. "Notas que acompanan el questionairio sobre abastecimiento de agua, aguas servidas y eliminacion de excretas." Includes diagram [ca. 1977?]
22 Secondary and background materials for Water Supply Project. Includes personal notes, copy of newsletter, and draft materials pertaining to the World Bank Final Report on Project, 1978-1981.
23 Summaries of Questionnaires Collected from Five Countries: Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, and Nicaragua. Includes personal notes. [ca. 1977?]



Case Study Materials by Location: Guatemala, 1976-1978
Box Folder
7 1 Agua del Pueblo (ADP) Project. Identifying Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal in Developing Countries. Patricia Buckles. October-November, 1977.
2 Agua del Pueblo "Rural Water Technicians: Their Proposed Training and Utilization in Guatemala" by Andrew Karp. August, 1977.
3 Centro de Estudios Mesoamericano sobre Tecnologia Appropriada. "Research Report: Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal. A Case Study Guatemala--San Pedro de La Laguna." Conducted by Bertha Salinas and and Roberto Caceres (CEMAT). January, 1978.
4 "Rural Water Supply and Waste Disposal in Guatemala: A Case Study" by Patricia K. Buckles. February, 1978. (The communities Chontala and Chijtinimit are subjects of the report.
5 Centro de Estudios sobre Tecnologia Apropriada (CEMAT). "Digestores: Hoy y Manana." Traduccion: De CEMAT de la obra-"Practical Building of Methane Power Plants for Rural Energy Independence" by L. John Fry. September, 1977.
6 Centro de Estudios sobre Tecnologia Apropriada (CEMAT). Informe de Actividades. 1976-1977.
7 El Quiche. Survey Project for Implementation in Guatemala proposed by Agua del Pueblo. Patricia Buckles, September 15, 1977
8 Chijtinimit. "Project 1: Chijtinimit. Documentation of the Care/Ministry of Health Potable Water and Latrine Project." Prepared by Patricia K. Buckles, ADP. October 1976.
9 Centro Mesoamericano de Estudios sobre Tecnologia Apropriada. "Planta Bio-Gas a Pequena Escala de la India" Author: Handbook of Appropriate Technology of the Canadian Hunger Foundation. Traduccion: CEMAT. Septiembre, 1977.
10 Centro de Estudios Mesoamericanos sobre Tecnologia Appropriada. Publications and Related Materials. 1976-1978.
11 Entrevista Formal. n. d. Example of interview survey concerning water supply, use, and latrines.
12 Environmental Sanitation: A Study of Attitudes and Practices. Guatemala Health Sector Assessment. November, 1977.
13 Evaluation of DAFF latrines Project Summary, April-May, 1986.
14 Field Notes. "Guia de Entrevista a Miembros del Comite de Agua." "Guia de Informacion General Sobre la Comunidad." Includes personal notes, 1986.
15 Instituto Centroamericano de Administracion (INCAE). "Marketing of an Unpopular Idea in the Public Sector: Rural Health Technicians in Guatemala" by Deidre Strachan. May, 1976.
16 World Bank Research Project. "The Introduction of Potable Water and Latrines: A Case Study of Two Rural Communities in Guatemala," by Patricia Buckles. May, 1978. (The communities Chontala and Chijtinimit are the subject of the report.)
17 Merida. International Development Research Centre Memorandum from M. G. McGarry. Subject: Trip Report-Washington, Merida, Guatemala. February 17, 1978.
18 Programa: "El Agua, la Mujer y la Salud. Convenio de Cooperacion, Implementacion, y Administracion." Cooperative Americana de Remesas al Exterior (CARE) and la Municipalidad de Santa Ana Huista. May 1986. Includes Contrato Cerrado de Trabajo. n.d.
19 San Pedro La Laguna. Terms of CEMAT Consultancy with World Bank. August 30, 1977; September 8, 1977; October 7, 1977; October 27, 1977, October 31, 1977; November 16, 1977.
20 San Pedro La Laguna. Reporte de Investigacion: Technologia Apropriada para Suministro de Agua y Eliminacion de Desechos. Un Estudio de Caso. Proyecto de Investigacion: Banco Mundial. Realizado por Bertha Salinas y Roberto Caceres (CEMAT) January, 1978.
21 University of North Carolina. School of Public Health. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering. Sections of Report on Four Year Study of Two Guatemala Villages Describing Methodology, Health Education, and Sanitation Aspects of Project. December 1977-January, 1978.
22 World Bank Memorandum from Mary Elmendorf to J. Kalbermatten concerning visit to Washington, D.C. of Roberto Caceres. November 3, 1977.
23 World Bank Memorandum describing a field trip to Guatemala, Haiti, and Mexico. October 5, 1977. Revision of September 29 memo.



Case Study Materials by Location: Mexico, 1960-1981
Box Folder
8 1 Case VIII: San Sebastian, Tlacolula, Oaxaca. Note concerning the exploratory phase to select communities for applied technology and brief report on Case VIII. [n.d.]
2 Chan Kom. Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Disposal. Background Information. Questionnaire. n.d.
3 Chan Kom. Correspondence from Mary Elmendorf to Dr. Michael McGarry. January 20, 1981.
4 Chan Kom. Entrevistas formales: Chan Kom, February, 1978. Tema -"Que piensa sobre la idea de introducir latrinas en la comunidad?"
5 Chan Kom, Yucatan. "Case VII. What is the Appropriate Waste Disposal in Tropical Yucatan?" by Michael McGarry and Mary Elmendorf. May, 1978.
6 Chan Kom. World Bank Office Memorandum. Yucatan Survey with Dr. McGarry. Back-to-Office and Full Report. February 21, 1978.
7 Field Notes from El Quiche, Chiapas, Cauca Valley. Contains correspondence, personal notes, and field notes from El Quiche.
8 Oaxaca. Correspondence and Personal Notes on Project Using Household Biogas. 1977
9 Oaxaca. Field Notes on a Trip to Mexico. October, 1977
10 Yalcuc, Chiapas. Correspondence and Documents Authorizing Consultancy of Dr. Frank C. Miller with the World Bank. Includes budget, background material on Yalcuc, and plan for research, 1977-1978.
11 Yalcuc, Chiapas. "Excerpts from Dissertation on Social Structure and Medical Change in a Mexican Indian Community" by Frank C Miller, Spring, 1960.
12 "Latrines in Yalcuc: a Twenty-Year Perspective" by Frank C. Miller and Cynthia A. Cone. February, 1978, Revised May 4, 1978.
13 Yalcuc. Partial Copies of "Latrines in Yalcuc: a Tweny-Year Perspective." Annotations and personal Notes. 1978
14 "Yalcuc , Mexico, Twenty Years Later." Study No. 3 by Frank C. Miller and Cynthia A. Cone. n.d. San Salvador "Marginal Urban Communities in San Salvador." Behavioral Study No. 4. by Isabel Nieves and Timothy Farrell. n. d.Colombia "Villarrica, Colombia." Behavioral Case Study No. 5 by Rafael I. Rodriguez. n.d. "Urban and Rural Nicaragua." Behavioral Case Study No. 6 by Rafael I. Rodriguez, Charles Pineo, and Mary Elmendorf, [n.d.]



Case Study Materials by Location: Nicaragua, 1960-1981
Box Folder
8 15 Academy for Educational Development. Memoranda and Correspondence. 1979-1980.
16 "Analysis Preliminar de la Situacion de Salud en Nicaragua: Unidad de Analysis del Sector." Managua, Nicaragua. July, 1976. Includes statistical tables.
17 Annotated Bibliography concerning role of women in Nicaragua. n.d.
18 Background Information. "Institutional Aspects," [n.d.] Description of agencies within the water and sanitation sector for urban and rural areas (DENACAL, EAM, PLANSAR, etc.) Includes charts.
19 Background Information on Nicaragua and the Communities Selected for Water Supply and Waste Disposal Research Project No. 671-46: La Fuente, Masaya, Licoroy, Las Managas. Includes "Data Collected in Nicaragua for Water Supply and Waste Disposal: Draft Report, November, 1977. Data for Report Collected by Mary Elmendorf, Charles Pineo, and Rafael Rodriguez.
20 Bibliography. [n.d.]
21 Case Study: Nicaragua--Rural Sanitation Project. [n.d.]
22 San Pedro La Laguna. Correspondence from Mary Elmendorf to Dr. Robert Caceres, Director of CEMAT, regarding approval of case study of San Pedro La Laguna, October 7, 1977.
23 "Country Report on Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal." February, 1978. (Data for Report Collected by Dr. Mary Elmendorf, Charles Pineo, and Rafael Rodriguez).
24 "Country Report on Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Waste Disposal." February, 1978. Revisions, notes, and personal notes. Includes statistical tables, illustrations, and maps. Includes "Tabla de Salarios Minimos de Nicaragua...entre el 10 de Mayo de 1977 y el 30 de Abril de 1979."
25 General Background Information. n.d.
26 "Latrine Program in Nicaragua." [n.d.] Contains organization and objectives of PLANSAR (National Plan for Environmental Sanitation in Rural Areas) and Organizacion del Ministerio de Salud Publica, 1975.
27 "Managua Background Information," [n.d.] Includes weather, water, population, sociocultural, and technical data.
28 Maysaya. "Maysaya Background Information." [n.d.] Includes data on physical characteristics, water, resources, population, economic activity, socio-cultural, technical, and health aspects.
29 Miscellaneous background material. Includes Public Health Data Charts. Circa 1977.
30 Miscellaneous materials and personal notes. [n.d.]
Box Folder
9 1 Staff Appraisal Report. Rural Sanitation Project." October 7, 1977. (Document of the World Bank. Confidential Report No. 1753-NI October 7,1977.)
2 "Nicaragua Staff Appraisal Report Managua Water Supply III. October 7, 1977. (Document of the World Bank. Confidential Report No. 1669a-NI.)"
3 "Pilot Project: Improved Latrine with Water Seal and Re-Use Component." Draft by M. Elmendorf. September 26,1977.
4 "Pilot Project: Improved Latrine with Water Seal and Re-Use Component. n.d. Includes illustrations and photographs.
5 Ministerio de Salud Publica. Division de Saneamiento Ambiental. "Programa de latrinificacion a nivel nacional." Sept. 20, 1975. Includes statistical tables.
6 "Public Health Data Charts." 1970-1977.
7 "Roster of Social Scientists", [n.d.]
8 "Rural Background Information." n.d. Includes maps of Nicaragua, Licoroy, Las Mangas, and statistical tables giving weather and climate data.
9 "Shadow Prices". n.d. Includes data for basic sanitation project for urban poor in Managua and shadow cost of latrines.
10 "Staff Appraisal Report: Second Agricultural Credit Project." November 8, 1977. (Document of the World Bank. Confidential Report No. 1701a-NI.) Includes Glossary of Abbreviations with translations into English.
11 Managua. Statistical data from several sources concerning climate, demography, water quality, crops, industry, employment etc. of Managua, and Las Mercedes. Includes personal notes. Various dates.
12 Summaries of Questionnaires. Surveys distributed through four Nicaragua communities selected for study: Licoroy, Las Mangas, Masaya, La Fuente. n.d.
13 "Technical Specifications" (of latrines). n.d. Includes sketches of PLANSAR Latrine, Type 'A' Well; Type 'B' Well, construction diagrams.
14 "Use of Sumideros as Observed in Nicaragua Mission September 12-28, 1977."
15 "Utilizacion de tecnologia apropriada para los servicios de salud rural en Nicaragua", [n.d.]
16 World Bank Office Memorandum. Appropriate Technology-Field Trip to Nicaragua September 12-28, 1977. Back-to-office. Full Report by Charles S. Pineo. November 29, 1977.
17 World Bank. Office Memorandum. Briefing for Luncheon with Ing. (engineer) Adan Cajina, Minister of Health, Nicaragua. September 28, 1977. Also letter of thanks to Ing. Adan Cajina, Minister of Health, Managua, Nicaragua from John M. Kalbermatten, October 17, 1977.
18 World Bank Office Memorandum Field Trip to Nicaragua. Back-to- Office and Field Report. September 30, 1977. Revised October 4, 1977. Includes Addenda.
19 World Bank Office Memorandum from Charles S. Pineo through Dr. Mary Elmendorf to Mr. John Kalbermatten: Appropriate Technology-Field Trip to Nicaragua September 12-28, 1977. Back-to-Office Full Report. November 29, 1977. Includes illustrations and letter of thanks to Nicaragua Minister of Health, dated October 17, 1977.
20 World Bank Office Memorandum from Charles Pineo to J. M. Kalbermatten concerning use of sumidoros as observed from the Nicaragua Mission, September 12-27, 1977. October 8, 1977.
21 World Bank Memorandum from Mary Elmendorf to Messrs. Kalbermatten, Gunnerson, and Ms Julius. Field Trip to Nicaragua. Back-to-office and Full Report, September 30, 1977. Revised October 4, 1977.
22 World Bank Office Memorandum from Mary Elmendorf to John Kalbermatten. Possible Pilot Project in Nicaragua of the Improved Latrine with Water Seal and Reuse Component. November 4, 1977.
23 Managua. World Bank Office Memorandum. Issues Paper. Managua Water Supply III and Rural Sanitation Projects. April 22,1977. Memorandum outlining consultant mission to Nicaragua. September 8, 1977. Background materials for CARE, Inc. and the International Center for Research on Women. Includes statistical tables.
24 World Bank Office Memorandum. Nicaragua and Colombia. Back-to-Office. Field Report by Rafael Rodriguez. November 21, 1977. Plus Addenda which includes statistical tables.



Case Study Materials by Location: Other Countries (Colombia, Haiti, El Salvador, Japan, Kuala Lumpur), 1975-1978
Box Folder
9 25 Colombia. Centro de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias en Desarrollo Rural (CIMDER) "Research Report: A Rural Health System as the Basic Component of Rural Development in Villarrica, Colombia. Case Study. Rafael I. Rodgriguez. 1978.
26 Colombia. Villarrica. "A Rural Health System as the Basic Component of Rural Development in Villarrica, Colombia Case Study," by Rafael I. Rodriguez. March, 1978.
27 Colombia. Villarrica. Summary of Questionnaire. n.d.
28 Haiti. "Case IX: Artibonite Valley and Port-au-Prince, Haiti", includes note explaining exploratory phase of project, 1977.
29 Haiti. Haitian-American Research Corportation (HARECO Project to Buy Urine for Research and Industrial Purposes) 1977. Includes News Release from the Haitian "Presse" and Article in "Miami News," Correspondence, and Personal Notes.
30 El Salvador. San Salvador. "Behavioral and Social Aspects of Technology Diffusion and Decision Making in Marginal Urban Communities in San Salvador by Isabel Nieves and W. Timothy Farrell. April, 1978.
31 El Salvador. Background Materials with Handwritten Notes of Isabel Nieves on Las Chacras. Questionnaires on Water Supply for Las Chacras, and Organizational Chart of National Government. n.d.
32 El Salvador. "Communidades Urbanes Marginales" (of Isabel Nieves--El Salvador Case Study). n.d. Includes personal notes of Mary Elmendorf.
33 Japan. Information about Existing Water Supply and Waste Disposal Technology for Kyoto, Tateyama; also Korea-Chuncheen City, Yusan, and Ri; Taiwan- Keelung. n.d.
34 Kuala Lumpur. Correspondence from James R. Simpson, consultant, to J. Kalbermatten with sections of a report on provision of sewage services for Kuala Lumpur. October 13, 1977.


International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD), 1980-1990
The series contains Elmendorf's publications, processed papers and presentations, manuscripts, notes, and correspondence from various IDWSSD projects, as well as many publications and documents, which provide background information. Many of these contain Elmendorf's annotations, markings, etc. and represent activities in which she participated. Following recommendations of the United Nations Water Conference at Mar del Plata in 1977, the General Assembly, in 1980, designated 1981-1990 as the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD). Its goal, to provide universal clean water and sanitation by 1990. Many international organizations and national governments joined this effort. International activities were coordinated by a Steering Committee for Cooperative Action. An Inter-Agency Task Force on Women's Involvement was created in 1982. As a consulting anthropologist, Mary Elmendorf participated in a number of ways, with emphasis on the involvement of women. As a consultant to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) she participated in a project for the Promotion of the Role of Women in Water and Environmental Sanitation Services (PROWWESS Project INT/83/03) and in a project on low-cost water and sanitation (INT/82). She was also a member the team that wrote a water and sanitation plan for the government of Sri Lanka, participated as a consultant to the U.S. Water and Sanitation Health Decade (WASH), under a contract to Camp, McKee, and Dresser (CMD) from the U.S. Agency for International Development, and as a member of the Institute for Rural Water's Knowledge Synthesis project. At the beginning of the decade she prepared papers on the prospects for the decade and women's involvement, and at the end, an assessment.



Papers and Publications by Elmendorf, Correspondence, and Notes, and Documents Relating to the Inter-Agency Steering Committee and the Taskforce on Women's Involvement, 1980-1990

Box Folder
10 1 [Elmendorf] The IDWSSD and Women's Involvement, (Steering Committee for Cooperative Action, IDWSSD. Prepared for the World Health Organization), July, 1990
2 [Elmendorf] The IDWSSD and Women's Involvement, Proof copy with note of transmittal, July 20, 1990
3 Elmendorf. "Women and the Decade: Rights, Roles and Responsibilities"; autograph outline [1982]
4 Elmendorf. "Women and the Decade: Roles, Rights and Responsibilities," typed drafts, including "final draft, mailed 5/IV/82." Includes correspondence with World Health Organization regarding the assignment for the paper, March - September, 1982
5 Elmendorf. "Women and the Decade: Rights, Roles and Responsibilities," "final draft," WASH, May, 1982.
6 Elmendorf. - "Women/Irrigation/Drinking Water/Sanitation and Their Interrelationships" (April 1985)
7 Elmendorf. "Women: The Underused Human Resource: Education and Training of Women for Community Participation," computer printout of paper presented at the Regional Symposium on Human Resources for IDWSSD with correspondence and symposium material, 1982.
8 Elmendorf. "Women: The Underused Human Resource: Education and Training of Women for Community Participation," draft, correspondence, and copy of publication from Educacion medica y salud, 16:4, 1982.
9 Elmendorf. "Women, Water and Waste: Key(s) to Development," Presented at the Symposium Local Decade: Men, Women and Agencies in Water and Development, Sponsored by the International Reference Centre for Community Water Supply and Sanitation, Amsterdam, June 20-22, 1984.
10 Conference on Oral Rehydration Therapy (ICORT) Washington, June 7-10, 1983. Elmendorf Memorandum to "Mike and Sally," with pertinent papers included, June 14, 1983.
11 Correspondence - UNDP INT/83/003 Project, 1983-1984.
12 Correspondence - UNDP PROWWESS staff and others re: IDWSSD assessment report, 1989-1990. Includes list of documents.
13 Correspondence - World Health Organization, 1982-1984
14 Health Information; notes by ME [ca. 1982?]
15 "Making Policy Responsive to Research"; clipping with notes by ME, 1980
16 Objectives," typed notes [by ME?, ca. 1982?]



Interagency Steering Committee and Task Force Documents

Box Folder
10 17 Basic Strategy Document Adopted by the Task Force, Geneva, 11-12 March, 1982. Interagency Task Force on Human Resources Development for the IDWSSD.
18 Communication Component of the Project to Enhance and Support Women's Participation in Decade Activities, January, 1983.
19 "Creation of an Interagency Task Force on Women"; typed note [1982]
20 "Insights from Field Practice - How Women Have Been and Could Be Involved in Water and Sanitation at the Community Level," IDWWSD Inter-Agency Task Force on Women and Water, October, 1984
21 Inter-Agency Task Force on Women and the IDWSSD. Draft Minutes of the First Meeting (New York) 8-10 September, 1982.
22 Inter-Agency Task Force on Women and the IDWSSD. Proposed Terms of Reference and Other Documents [1982]
23 Interagency Steering Committee for Cooperative Action (17th Meeting, NY, Oct. 23-24, 1989.) Decade Assessment Working Group Report.
24 Idem. Report on IDWSSD Activities in Technical Information Exchange, March, 1989.
25 "International and National Strategies for Enhancing Women's Participation in Water Supply and Sanitation Activities," (Inter-agency Task Force on Women and Water, October, 1983)
26 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as a Significant Decade Resource ... Steering Committee Agenda Item, April 15-16, 1982
27 Note by the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women with Regard to the UNICEF/UNDP Paper for Presentation to the April Meeting of the Steering Committee of the IDWSSD; Annex II, 1982, with page of notes by Elmendorf.
28 Preliminary Outline of the Strategy Paper for the Inter-agency Task Force on Women and the IDWSSD (draft); memo from Ma Yangsheng, chairman, Nov. 11, 1982
29 Project Document on Promotion and Support for Women's Participation in IDWSSD (draft). Correspondence, 1983
30 Project Proposal for Involving Women/ UNICEF [1982-1985]
31 Statement by WHO at the 9th Meeting of the Steering Committee for Co-operative Action, Washington, D.C., 15-16 April, 1982.
32 "Strategies for Enhancing Women's Participation in Water Supply and Sanitation Activities," Recommendations of the Inter-agency Task Force on Women and Water, of the IDWDSSD Steering Committee for Cooperative Action, December, 1983.
33 "Women and the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade"; Note by the UN Development Programme; INSTRAW /BT/1982/CRP.8, January 15, 1982.
34 Women and the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade [report] submitted to the World Conference to Reveiw and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women. Prepared in accordance with ... the Inter-Agency Task Force, INSTRAW, and UNICEF [1985]
35 "Women as Innovators in Water Supply and Sanitation," prepared by UNICEF/UNDP for presentation to the April, 1982, Meeting of the Steering Committee of the IDWSSD.
36 Workplan of Task Force; memorandum to Task Force on Women and Water from the Secretariat, Oct. 10, 1984.



Promotion of the Role of Women in Water and Environmental Sanitation Services (PROWWESS)/UNDP/INT-83-003 (Includes sub-project 82-002 "Information and Training")

Box Folder
11 1 Beaudoin, Jean, and Louise Filion. CARE International in Rwanda - a Project to Install Water Systems in the Region of Giti, Muhura, and Murambi. Report of the process evaluation mission in connection with the PROWWESS Program of UNDP, April, 1987.
2 Bolivia-Draft Project Proposal. Pilot Project to Promote Women's Participation in Water Supply Improvement Activities [ca. 1985]
3 Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) Correspondence and reports of meeting regarding Project INT/83/003, June-July, 1983.
4 "Considerations for Component III for the Promotion and Support of Women's Participation in the International Drinking Water and Sanitation Decade UNDP INT/83/03, Final Revision," August 15, 1983.
5 Correspondence, including "Terms of Reference," with Sarah Timpson, 1983-1985.
6 Correspondence - PROWWESS/UNDP (1989-1990).
7 Elmendorf, Mary, and Kruiderink, Anton. - "Report on Mission to Honduras, 16-23 October 1983" (INT/83/003) 1983.
8 Elmendorf, Back to Office Memorandum and Full Report to Richard N. Middleton, Project Manager, on Thailand, May 23, 1983.
9 Elmendorf. Memorandum to M. L. Gupta: Status of the Nepal Case Studies of Women's Participation in IDWSSD, August 7-12, 1987.
10 [Fields of Women's Studies Related to Water and Sanitation; ms. fragment by Elmendorf? ca. 1984]
11 Global Consultation on Safe Water and Sanitation for the 1990s; "The New Delhi Statement," Sept. 10-14, 1990.
12 "Involvement of Women in Water Supply, Sanitation and Health Education Projects - A Guideline for Case Studies," December, 1984.
13 Mission of Project Manager to Washington, D.C., 23-24 June, 1983. Back to Office Report.
14 Morgan, Violet. Memorandum on Issue of Women and Community Participation and accompanying documentation, March, 1988
15 Promotion and Support for Women's Participation in the IDWSSD, 1980-1986
16 Promotion and Support for Women's Participation in the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD); Revised Project Document [June, 1983?]
17 Review of Literature Review on Women's Participation in Community Water Supply and Sanitation INT/83/003, by Mary Elmendorf, with correspondence, Jan. 15, 1985
18 "Women, Water and Wastes: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography ..." Outline by Christine van Wijk-Sijbesma, correspondence with and notes by Mary Elmendorf, 1984
19 "Women's Participation in the Water Supply and Sanitation Decade: A Key to Development?" A Literature Search. (INT/83/03/ Annex II-III) [ca. 1983]
20 Elmendorf, M. and Yacoob, May. "Technical Review of Training Materials Prepared under Project INT/82/002: Final Report," May, 1984.
21 "Information and Training Program in Low Cost Water Supply and Sanitation" (1982)
22 "Information and Training Program in Low Cost Water Supply and Sanitation," brochure annotated by M.E. [1973]
23 Project Document - "Information and Training Program in Low Cost Water Supply and Sanitation"
24 Project Progress Report (Aug 1982)
25 Training Manual



PROWESS/UNDP Publication Series

Box Folder
12 1 Lessons, Strategies, Tools. [Bibliography]
2 No. 2: Melchoir, Siri. Women, Water and Sanitation - or Counting Tomatoes Instead of Pumps, May, 1989
3 No. 4. Narayan-Parker, Deepa. Kenya - People, Pumps and Agencies, 1988.
4 No. 5. Shallon, Elsie. Dhaka - Volunteers against Diarrhoea, 1988.
5 No. 6 Narayan-Parker, Deepa. Indonesia - Evaluating Community Management, 1989.
6 No. 9: Final Review of Case Studies of Women's Participants in Community Water Supply and Sanitation, 1988.
7 No. 9: Final Review of Case Studies of Women's Participants in Community Water Supply and Sanitation, (draft) 1988.
8 No. 10 : Narayan-Parker, Deepa. PEGESUS, 1989.
9 No. 11: Narayan-Parker, Deepa. Goals and Indicators, 1989.
10 No. 15: [Sriivasan, Lyra] Community Participation: A Challenge for Trainers, Draft, PROWWESS/UNDP, 1988, with letter asking Mary Elmendorf to review, and with Elmendorf's comments.
11 [No. 20] Training in Community Participation, 1989.
12 Narayan-Parker, Deepa. Case Study on Women's Involvement in Community Water Systems: the PKK Experience. New Delhi, WHO, 1988.
13 Narayan-Parker, Deepa. From Rehtoric to Reality: Women and Water in West Timor, Indonesia, October, 1988.
14 Narayan-Parker, Deepa. "Participatory Evaluation: Tools for Managing Change in Water and Sanitation," 2nd draft. May, 1990



Other UNDP Publications

Box Folder
12 15 Afridev Hand Pump, Designed for Community Management (UNDP/World Bank Rural Water Supply Handpumps Project INT/81/026) 1987.
16 Bunnag, Jane. "Communication and Community Participation," Draft, Technical Report, 1982.
17 Perrett, Heli E. Involving Women in Sanitation Projects. TAG Discussion Paper No. 3. UNDP and World Bank, 1985. Includes handwritten notes by M.E.
18 PROWWESS [pamphlet; ca. 1989]
19 UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program. Annual Report, 1988.
20 UNDP/World Bank Water and Sanitation Program. Sector Issues and Research Program, 1988-1990. Includes handwritten notes and annotations by M.E.



IDWSSD Documents and Publications

Box Folder
13 1 Cairncross, Sandy. "The Health Impact of Water Supply and Sanitation Investments; Problems and Prospects for Meaurement," [ca. 1989]
2 "Community Participation and Communication: Suggested Guidelines for Project Formulation,"
3 Decade Assessment Report. Revised by G. Watters, Sept. 1, 1989.
4 Decade Briefing (UNDP, Dec., 1981)
5 Decade Dossier (UNDP) [ca. 1980?]
6 Developmental and Implementation of Low-Cost Sanitation Investment Projects; UNDP Project Document, [Jan., 1982]
7 Drinking Water and Sanitation, 1981-1990. A Way to Health (WHO, 1981)
8 Honduras. Rural Water and Sanitation Systems - (USAID Honduras) Project description, Elmendorf notes and correspondence, 1980
9 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Consultation, Interlaken, Switzerland - 13-16 October, 1987.
10 Jackson, Justin R. "Community Self-Financing: a Solution to Indonesia's Clean Water Needs," Paper presented to the International Water Resources 6th World Congress, Ottawa, May 29, 1988.
11 Kudat, A. "Institutional Framework for WID in Malawi," May, 1989.
12 Lubar, Pat. [Internat'l Water-Sanitation Decade, ca. 1979]
13 Meehan, Robert and Anamaria Viveros-Long. Panama: Rural Water. Project Impact Evaluation. AID, November, 1981.
14 Minimum Evaluation Procedure (MEP) for Water Supply and Sanitation Projects. WHO, Feb., 1983.
15 Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Development Assistance Committee. Improving Aid Effectiveness in the Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Sector: Conclusions and Recommendations Emerging from DAC Consultations, Sept. 18, 1985
16